U.S. Expansion
Years: 1790-1840
Driving Questions
In the early 19th century, hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children left their homes and went to live somewhere else.
- When did these people leave, approximately how many moved, and where did they go? (quantitative analysis)
- Why did they decide to leave, and what was attracting them to the Western frontier? (push and pull factors)
- What happened as a result of Westward Expansion? (effects: qualitative analysis)
Overview
This 3-day mini-unit will provide students with an introduction to using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the potential and limitations of GIS. Students will study census data over five decades to answer questions about Westward Expansion, and will gain an understanding of the difference between questions that can be answered with GIS, and those that can be answered by studying historical documents. This mini-unit serves as an introduction to GIS, as well as an introduction to a larger unit on US Westward Expansion.
Objectives
Students will...
- Practice manipulating all of the functions and layers used in the GIS software for a given US census data map (1790)
- Compare and contrast total population information for cities, counties, and states using census data maps from 1790-1840, and translate numeric information into properly-constructed, descriptive sentences
- Gather evidence from primary and secondary source documents to build general conclusions about causes and effects of Westward Expansion in the early 1800s
Lessons: U.S. Expansion
Lesson 1 (Computer Lab)
- Anticipatory Image: Map discussion & intro to Westward Expansion
- GIS Tutorial: accessing the site, reading the map, reading the legend, zoom in, zoom out, full screen, turning on and off layers, reading the search query
- Vocabulary: Push and pull factors, quantitative data
- Handout 1: Using the GIS Map
- HOMEWORK: Finish Handout 1
Lesson 2 (Computer Lab)
- Anticipatory Set: Visual differences in the map as it is changed from one census to the next
- Handout 2: Observing Changes in the GIS Map
- Handout 3: Calculating Population Change Over Time
- Handout 4: Geographic Factors in US Expansion
- HOMEWORK: Read assigned document and be prepared to discuss it for the next class session
Lesson 3 (Computer Lab)
- Handout 5: What is GIS good for?
- Vocabulary: qualitative data
- Jigsaw reading and group assessment in Handout 6: Answering Historical Inquiry Questions with Documents
- Review Discussion
- HOMEWORK: Final assessment (writing assignment)
ASSESSMENT
- Evaluation of written responses to Handout 6 group assessment prompts
- Evaluation of written responses to Final Assessment
Document 1
Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Meriwether Louis regarding the exploration of the Western Territories
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/168.htmlDocument 2
Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress on Indian Removal
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/print_friendly.php?page=transcript&doc=25&title=Transcript+of+President+Andrew+Jackson%27s+Message+to+Congress+%27On+Indian+Removal%27+%281830%29Document 3
John O'Sullivan's description of manifest destiny
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/osulliva.htmDocument 4
Letter from surveyor Isaac Hite describing his business interests in the West.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/faw:@field(DOCID+icufawcmf0003)